Citizenship by investment (CBI) and residence by investment (RBI) are different legal pathways. CBI can lead directly to nationality where a government programme and law provide for that outcome. RBI normally grants a residence permit first; permanent residence or citizenship may become possible later only under applicable law.
Start with the outcome
Define whether your priority is a place to live, education, business mobility, family resilience, or a second nationality. Compare physical-presence rules, renewal conditions, dependent eligibility, source-of-funds requirements, tax consequences, and investment exit rules.
Use a decision matrix
- Target outcome and timeline
- Family structure and dependent ages
- Liquidity and investment horizon
- Travel and residence obligations
- Legal and tax advice required
Residence is not citizenship, and investment never guarantees approval. Confirm current rules with official sources.
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